In the Gratz and Grutter Cases, the Supreme Court

question 25

Multiple Choice

In the Gratz and Grutter cases, the Supreme Court

• A) found a constitutional violation in the affirmative action plan of both the law school and the undergraduate university.
• B) found a constitutional violation in the law school affirmative action plan.
• C) found no constitutional violation.
• D) upheld the affirmative action plan as practiced by the law school.
• E) upheld the affirmative action plan as practiced by the undergraduate university.

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Definitions:

Wilcoxon Test Statistic

A non-parametric test statistic used to compare two paired samples to assess whether their population mean ranks differ.

Null Hypothesis

A hypothesis that assumes no statistical significance or effect exists in a set of observations.

Level Of Significance

The threshold below which a statistical result is considered significant, indicating that an observed effect is unlikely to be due to chance alone.

Quantitative Data

Data that can be quantified and verified, and is amenable to statistical manipulation, typically involving numerical values.