Cassandra, Who Has Been Clean and Sober for Many Years

question 60

Multiple Choice

Cassandra, who has been clean and sober for many years after struggling with alcoholism, no longer has a physical addiction to alcohol. However, whenever she sees her old "drinking buddies," she begins to have cravings for alcohol. Cassandra's experience is an example of

• A)insight learning.
• B)operant conditioning.
• C)classical conditioning.
• D)observational learning.
• E)negative reinforcement.

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Definitions:

Energy Metabolism

The set of chemical reactions that occur within a living organism to convert energy from food into a form that cells can use.

Neuropeptide Y

A neurotransmitter found in the brain and autonomic nervous system, involved in regulating a variety of physiological processes such as appetite, stress response, and circadian rhythms.

Leptin

A hormone produced by adipose (fat) cells that helps to regulate energy balance by inhibiting hunger.

Insulin

A hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into tissues.