Toma Is Almost Five Years Old

question 127

Multiple Choice

Toma is almost five years old. As he was struggling to learn to tie his shoes, his parents became exasperated with him and bought him shoes with Velcro closures. When he had trouble learning to ride a two-wheeler with training wheels, his parents made him go back to a tricycle. According to Erikson's theory, Toma may end up with a feeling of

• A)shame.
• B)guilt.
• C)mistrust.
• D)inferiority.
• E)doubt.

---

Definitions:

Self-Serving Bias

A cognitive bias that involves people attributing success to their own abilities and efforts, but blaming external factors for their failures.

Personal Effort

The amount of work, energy, or dedication an individual puts into a task or goal.

Failures

Instances of not achieving a desired or intended objective, often marked by inefficiency or inability to perform.

Mental Heuristic

Cognitive shortcuts or rules of thumb that simplify decision making, often used unconsciously.