Public Officials Can Win a Defamation Case Only by Proving

question 9

True/False

Public officials can win a defamation case only by proving the defendant's actual malice.

---

Definitions:

Observational Study

A study in which the researcher observes and records behavior or outcomes without manipulating any variables, often used in social sciences, epidemiology, and ecology.

Proportion

A part or fraction of a whole, typically expressed as a percentage or ratio.

Anecdotal Evidence

Information based on personal accounts, stories, or experiences, rather than on scientifically collected data or statistics.

Observational Study

A study wherein researchers observe and record data without manipulating any variables, in contrast to an experimental study.