In the Equation: Number of Civilizations =Np × Flife ×

question 60

Multiple Choice

In the equation: Number of Civilizations =Np × flife × fcivilization × fnow
What do we mean by fnow?

• A)the fraction of planets with civilizations on which the civilizations exist now
• B)the fraction of time since the Big Bang represented by the present era
• C)the fraction of all species ever to exist that we currently are aware of
• D)the fraction of planets in the galaxy on which a civilization could theoretically develop now
• E)the fraction of civilizations in the universe that currently are sending messages to us

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Definitions:

Decision Criteria

The standards or benchmarks used to evaluate options and make choices in decision-making processes.

Fear-Of-Success Theory

A psychological theory suggesting that some individuals may have a fear or anxiety towards achieving success due to potential negative consequences or responsibilities it may bring.

TOTE Approach

A model in cognitive psychology representing the sequence of operations in problem solving: Test, Operate, Test, Exit.

Operate Phase

A stage or process in which systems, procedures, or principles are applied or enacted.