During the Pre-Civil War Period, the Shift from Vertical to Horizontal

question 29

Multiple Choice

During the pre-Civil War period, the shift from vertical to horizontal allegiances signified:

• A) A move away from hierarchical relationships to those that were more egalitarian and/or socially-driven
• B) Greater equality between men and women
• C) The end of the nuclear family
• D) The decline of religious influence in people's lives
• E) All of these choices

---

Definitions:

Expert Power

Authority or influence derived from possessing knowledge or skills in a particular area.

Physical Resources

Tangible assets such as buildings, machinery, and raw materials that an organization uses to conduct its business.

Visibility

The degree to which an entity's presence, actions, or status is known and perceivable by others.

Contingency

The dependence on chance or on the fulfillment of a condition; in management, it refers to the idea that there is no one best way to organize or lead, and that it will depend on various situational factors.