Ellen Wants to See If the Level of Lighting in a Room

question 41

Multiple Choice

Ellen wants to see if the level of lighting in a room will affect the performance of individuals on an IQ test.One group in her study is placed in a room with very bright lights and a second group is placed in a room with more normal lighting.She finds that the individuals in the bright light group have better scores on the test than do the individuals in the normal light group.The difference between the two groups' scores is statistically significant,which means that the ____.

• A) lighting definitely makes a difference
• B) difference between the groups is due to chance
• C) lighting significantly affects performance
• D) difference between the groups is probably not due to chance

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Definitions:

Uses and Gratifications Theory

A theory in media studies and communication that explains how people actively seek out specific media and content to satisfy individual needs or desires.

Encoding/Decoding Model

A theory on media that combines models that privilege the media producer and models that view the audience as the primary source of meaning; this theory recognizes that media texts are created to deliver specific messages and that individuals actively interpret them.

Interpretive Community

A group of people dedicated to the consumption and interpretation of a particular cultural product and who create a collective, social meaning for the product.

Stanley Fish

An American literary theorist and legal scholar known for his work on interpretive communities and the role of the reader in determining texts' meanings.