In 1441, Portuguese Ships Back from the West African Coastal

question 23

Multiple Choice

In 1441, Portuguese ships back from the West African coastal voyages brought _____ to Portugal.

• A) silver
• B) gold
• C) slaves
• D) spices
• E) ivory

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Definitions:

Extinction

In psychology, the process through which a conditioned response decreases or disappears after the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus.

Higher-order Conditioning

A learning process in which a stimulus that was previously neutral is paired with a conditioned stimulus to produce the same conditioned response as the original conditioned stimulus.

Neutral Stimulus

A stimulus that initially produces no specific response other than focusing attention, until it is associated with an unconditioned stimulus.

Spontaneous Recovery

The reappearance of conditioned responses after a period of rest and without further conditioning.