Morris and Tonry Have Stated That Intermediate Sanctions Are Rarely

question 78

Essay

Morris and Tonry have stated that intermediate sanctions are rarely used in the United States, and judges tend to rely mostly on incarceration and probation. Discuss why this is the case.

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Definitions:

Behaviorist Theory

A theory of learning which states that behaviors are learned from the environment through the processes of conditioning.

Rewards and Punishments

Behavioral tools used to reinforce desired behaviors or diminish undesired ones, often employed in educational and developmental contexts.

Learning

A relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by making associations between behavior and events in the environment.

Psychosexual Stages

A theory by Freud describing the stages of a child's development from birth to adulthood, through which sexual energy (libido) is focused on different erogenous zones.