In a Study of the Effectiveness of Cognitive Therapy on Anxiety

question 47

Multiple Choice

In a study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy on anxiety, fifty anxious patients are divided into two groups. One group gets cognitive therapy, the other a fake kind of therapy that should have no benefit. However, the patients can tell that the second form of treatment is a fake. The study is weak because ____.

• A) its placebo condition did not control for expectancy effects
• B) it did not include an independent variable
• C) it confuses experimental designs with correlational designs
• D) it did not have a placebo condition

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Definitions:

Source Traits

Fundamental personality characteristics that are inferred from consistent behavior patterns and are believed to be the origin of observable behaviors.

Environmental-mold Traits

Characteristics of personality believed to be shaped by environmental factors rather than genetic inheritance.

Constitutional Traits

Source traits that depend on our physiological characteristics.

Source Traits

Fundamental personality characteristics that are stable over time and across situations, forming the foundation of an individual's personality.