According to the Text, There Are Five Essential Elements to the Definition

question 7

Multiple Choice

According to the text, there are five essential elements to the definition of punishment. Which of the following is not one of these five elements?

• A)There are at least two persons involved.
• B)The person who inflicts the punishment causes a certain harm to the person who is being punished.
• C)The person who inflicts the punishment has been authorized, under a system of rules or laws, to harm the person who is punished in this particular way.
• D)The person who is being punished has been identified and judged by his/her victim.

---

Definitions:

Preoperational Stage

According to Piaget, the stage of thinking between infancy and middle childhood, in which children are unable to decenter their thinking or to think through the consequences of an action.

Decenter

The cognitive ability to consider multiple aspects of a situation simultaneously, characteristic of more advanced stages of cognitive development.

Sensorimotor Stage

Piaget’s term for the stage of infancy during which the process of adaptation consists largely of coordinating sensory perceptions and simple motor behaviors to acquire knowledge of the world.

Centration

The tendency, particularly seen in early childhood, to focus on one aspect of a situation while neglecting other important features.