External Costs That Force Costs (In Terms, for Example, of Polluted

question 30

Multiple Choice

External costs that force costs (in terms, for example, of polluted air or water) onto others are also known as which of the following?

• A)Non-excludable issues
• B)Collective action problems
• C)Negative externalities
• D)Non-rival goods

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Definitions:

Marketing Expenses

Costs associated with promoting a company, product, or service, including advertising, product samples, and event sponsorships.

Fund Assets

The total value of all the securities and cash held by an investment fund.

Exchange-traded Fund

A type of investment fund and exchange-traded product, i.e., they are traded on stock exchanges. ETFs hold assets such as stocks, commodities, or bonds and generally operate with an arbitrage mechanism designed to keep it trading close to its net asset value.

SPDR

Specialty financial products known as Spider, they are exchange-traded funds (ETFs) that attempt to mimic the performance of a specific index, such as the S&P 500.