Examlex
A cross section of a monocot leaf typically shows veins in both cross-section and lengthwise section.
Causality
Refers to the analysis of causes and their effects. Specifically, causality means that a change in the independent variable (x) produces a change in the dependent variable (y). In analyzing survey data, we establish causality by demonstrating that an association exists between x and y; x precedes y; and the introduction of a causally prior control variable does not result in the original association disappearing.
Empirically Established
Information or theories that are confirmed or supported by observation, experiment, or other forms of scientific research.
Generalizability
The extent to which findings from a study can be applied or extended to broader populations, settings, or times.
Independent Variable
In research, a variable that is manipulated or changed to observe its effects on a dependent variable.
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