Define Cardiac Output , Describe Its Regulation, and Summarize the Factors

question 37

Essay

Define cardiac output , describe its regulation, and summarize the factors that affect it.

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Definitions:

Alveoli

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place, oxygen enters the blood, and carbon dioxide is removed.

Bicarbonate Ions

The bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's pH balance, particularly in the buffering of blood plasma.

Carbaminohemoglobin

Hemoglobin carrying carbon dioxide.

Carbon Dioxide

A colorless, odorless gas produced through cellular respiration and combustion, utilized by plants in photosynthesis to produce oxygen.