Although Branding Is No Longer Used as a Form of Punishment

question 54

Multiple Choice

Although branding is no longer used as a form of punishment in the United States,some subcultures have adopted it as a form of body art.This demonstrates that:

• A) what is considered deviant changes over time.
• B) many people find punishment desirable.
• C) some acts are simply inherently deviant.
• D) deviant acts of the past become mainstream acts of the future.

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Definitions:

Chi-square Statistic

A measure used in statistics to assess how expectations compare to actual observed data, particularly in the context of categorical variables.

Observed Frequencies

The actual number of occurrences of each category in statistical data.

Expected Frequencies

The anticipated counts in each category of a contingency table under the assumption that the null hypothesis is true, calculated from the proportions in the total sample.

Chi-square Statistic

A statistical measure used to assess the differences between observed and expected frequencies in one or more categories.