Nowhere to Grow by Les Whitbeck and Dan Hoyt Explored

question 72

Multiple Choice

Nowhere to Grow by Les Whitbeck and Dan Hoyt explored the lives of homeless and runaway teens in the Midwest.The authors found that "associating with deviant peers" had a dramatic effect on a wide range of deviant behaviors including increasing "the likelihood of serious substance abuse almost 32 times." What theory of deviance considers the way such interpersonal relationships help to predict deviant behavior?

• A) self-fulfilling prophecy
• B) retreatism
• C) differential association
• D) labeling theory

Interpret the outcome of a hypothesis test based on the calculated statistic's position relative to the critical value.

Identify the relationship between the probability of a statistic and the decision to reject or not reject the null hypothesis.

Explain the concept of hypothesis testing and its application in research.

Recognize the difference between statistical and research hypotheses.

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Definitions:

Neutralize

The process of making something ineffective or harmless by counteracting its effects.

Mono-operation Bias

A form of research bias resulting from using only one method or approach to collect data or measure variables, potentially limiting the validity of findings.

Construct Validity

The extent to which a test measures what it claims to be measuring, ensuring the accuracy of the theoretical concept it intends to reflect.

Internal Validity

The extent to which the results of a study are due to the manipulation of the independent variable and not other factors.