Professor Hardy Has Spent the Last Decade Conducting a Study

question 89

Multiple Choice

Professor Hardy has spent the last decade conducting a study of the effects of early childhood "wellness" programs on subsequent delinquency. Every year, researchers visit participating families and collect a variety of data. Over the course of ten years, many families have moved away and the research staff has been unable to locate them. What problem has Professor Hardy encountered?

• A) cross-sectional distortion
• B) cohort distortion
• C) panel attrition
• D) experimental mortality

---

Definitions:

Reality and Appearance

The distinction between what is truly the case (reality) and how things seem to be (appearance).

Kohlberg's

Refers to Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development, which proposes that moral reasoning evolves through a series of stages from childhood through adulthood.

Moral Reasoning

The process by which individuals make decisions about what is right and wrong based on personal, societal, or ethical principles.

Formal Operations

The stage of cognitive development, according to Piaget, where individuals are able to think abstractly, reason logically, and plan systematically.