When We Find Any Discrepancy Between the Assumed Independence of Variables

question 89

Multiple Choice

When we find any discrepancy between the assumed independence of variables in a population and the observed distribution of sample elements,we can explain that discrepancy how?

• A) we attribute the discrepancy to the nonprobability sample alone
• B) the discrepancy can be the result of poor data collection
• C) we attribute the discrepancy to an unrepresentative sample causing us to reject the assumption of independence
• D) we attribute the discrepancy to poor sample selection and to poor operational definitions of the main variables

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Definitions:

Learning Process

The acquisition of knowledge, skills, behaviors, or preferences, often as a result of study, experience, or teaching, which involves changes in the brain.

Cathexis

The idea that the ability of deprivation states to motivate behavior transfers to the stimuli present during the deprivation state.

Tolman

An American psychologist known for his work on latent learning and cognitive maps in rats and humans.

Reward Value

The attractiveness or worth of a reward, influencing an organism's willingness to work for it.