The Occurrence of False Positives During Police Lineups Can Be

question 309

Multiple Choice

The occurrence of false positives during police lineups can be minimized by all of the following techniques EXCEPT for

• A)having all the distractors look like the person witnesses described.
• B)warning witnesses that the culprit may not be present in the lineup.
• C)using very dissimilar distractors to aid recognition.
• D)using a sequential lineup in which one photo at a time is shown.

Understand the effect of isotopic abundance on mass spectrometric peaks.

Distinguish between compounds using both mass spectrometry and IR spectroscopy.

Recognize the impact of chemical reactions on spectral data.

Predict mass spectrometric outcomes for molecules, incorporating the concept of isotopic patterns.

---

Definitions:

Null Hypothesis

In statistical hypothesis testing, a statement that there is no effect or no difference, and any observed deviation from this is due to sampling or experimental error.

Significance Level

The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis in a statistical test when it is actually true, commonly denoted by alpha.

P-value

A measure in statistics that helps to determine the significance of results obtained in hypothesis testing, indicating the probability of observing the results if the null hypothesis is true.

Standard Error

The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of a statistic, usually the mean, indicating the precision of an estimate.