Which Best Explains How Australia Has Distinctive Organisms, Such as Marsupials

question 48

Multiple Choice

Which best explains how Australia has distinctive organisms, such as marsupials, that cannot be found anywhere else on Earth?

• A) Australia has an unusual climate that has triggered natural selection.
• B) There are fewer species of organisms in Australia than most continents.
• C) Australia experienced a significantly slower rate of evolutionary change.
• D) The predators of marsupials eliminated the populations in other locations.
• E) Australia was separated and isolated from other land masses for a long period of time.

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Definitions:

Hull-Spence Model

A theory of learning that integrates drive reduction and incentive motivation, proposing that a combination of stimuli and past reinforcements can predict behavior.

Generalization Gradients

In learning theory, the range and degree to which a learned response is produced to stimuli that vary from the original conditioned stimulus.

Discrimination Training

The process in behavioral psychology of training an organism to respond differently to distinct stimuli, enhancing its ability to distinguish between them.

Inhibitory Generalization

The process by which an organism learns to inhibit responses to stimuli that are similar to a conditioned stimulus that signals an aversive event.