Identify the Following Terms

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The Answer is Soka Gakkai is a lay Buddhist organization that originated in Japan and has since spread internationally. It is based on the teachings of Nichiren Buddhism, a school of Mahayana Buddhism that focuses on the Lotus Sutra as the ultimate expression of the Buddha's teachings. The name "Soka Gakkai" translates to "Value Creation Society," reflecting the organization's emphasis on the transformation of individuals and society through Buddhist practice and humanistic principles.

The organization was founded in 1930 by Tsunesaburo Makiguchi, an educator and devout follower of Nichiren Buddhism, along with his disciple Josei Toda. Makiguchi initially established the Soka Kyoiku Gakkai, which was an educational reform society, but it later evolved into a religious movement. Both Makiguchi and Toda were imprisoned during World War II for their opposition to the Japanese government's religious policies, which demanded adherence to State Shinto. Makiguchi died in prison, but Toda was released after the war and went on to reinvigorate the organization, leading to significant growth.

Soka Gakkai's practice centers around chanting the phrase "Nam-myoho-renge-kyo," which is an expression of devotion to the Lotus Sutra and is believed to enable individuals to tap into their inherent Buddha nature and bring forth wisdom, courage, and compassion. Members also engage in study sessions, cultural activities, and community service, with a strong focus on peace, education, and cultural exchange.

In the latter half of the 20th century, Soka Gakkai established the Komeito political party in Japan, which has been a partner in coalition governments. However, the relationship between the religious organization and the political party has been a subject of controversy and debate.

Today, Soka Gakkai International (SGI) is the global outreach arm of the organization, with millions of members in countries around the world. It is known for its efforts in promoting peace, nuclear disarmament, and education, as well as for its cultural and educational contributions. The SGI is led by its president, Daisaku Ikeda, who is a prolific writer and has been a driving force behind the organization's international expansion and peace initiatives.

Identify the Following Terms

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