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Why Did Criminal Punishment Begin Changing Again in the Early

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Why did criminal punishment begin changing again in the early part of the eighteenth century? How did the rise of physical punishment lead to a change in the way offenders were punished, and how has that change affected contemporary punishments of offenders?


Definitions:

Sex-Linked Genetic Disorder

A disorder caused by mutations in genes on the sex chromosomes, often impacting one sex more than the other due to chromosomal differences.

Fragile-X Syndrome

A genetic disorder characterized by intellectual disability, behavioral challenges, and unique physical features, caused by a mutation in the FMR1 gene.

Men

Adult human males, characterized biologically by factors such as the production of male hormones like testosterone and the presence of physical attributes distinctive to the sex.

Genetic Disorder

A disease or condition caused by an abnormality in an individual's DNA, often inherited from parents.

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