What Is the Proton-Motive Force

question 77

Multiple Choice

What is the proton-motive force?

• A) the force needed to move protons into the inner mitochondrial space
• B) the amount of energy required to protonate a glucose molecule
• C) the free energy associated with the removal of hydrogen from NADH
• D) the combination of a proton and voltage gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane
• E) the synthesis of ATP from a proton gradient

---

Definitions:

Dopamine

A neurotransmitter in the brain that plays a key role in reward, motivation, memory, attention, and even regulating body movements.

Acetylcholine

A neurotransmitter in both the peripheral and central nervous systems that plays crucial roles in the stimulation of muscle cells and in various aspects of cognitive function, including memory.

Endorphin

Endorphins are natural chemicals produced in the brain that help to reduce pain and boost happiness.

Anxiety Disorder

A category of mental health disorders characterized by excessive and persistent feelings of anxiety and fear.