What Is Directly Responsible for Pumping Protons Out of the Mitochondrial

question 56

Multiple Choice

What is directly responsible for pumping protons out of the mitochondrial matrix?

• A) protein complexes I, II, III, and IV
• B) cytochrome c and ubiquinone
• C) protein complexes I and III
• D) protein complexes I, III, and IV
• E) NADH and FADH₂

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Definitions:

Rodents

A large order of mammals characterized by two continuously growing incisors in the upper and lower parts of their mouth, which must be kept short by gnawing.

Teeth

Hard, calcified structures in the jaws of many vertebrates, used for biting, chewing, and sometimes for defense.

Grow Continuously

A process referring to entities that do not stop increasing in size or number over time, either naturally or through external intervention.

Birds

Warm-blooded vertebrates characterized by feathers, beaks, and typically the ability to fly, with some exceptions like ostriches.