Most Cancers Require at Least Two Mutations: 1) One in an Oncogene

question 12

Multiple Choice

Most cancers require at least two mutations: 1) one in an oncogene, which encodes proteins that trigger cell division, and 2) one in a tumor suppressor gene, whose protein products, in their unmutated form, play a key role in preventing the cell cycle from progressing if the DNA is damaged or in the absence of specific cues. Which class of proteins might be considered tumor suppressors?

• A) Cdk inhibitors
• B) cyclins
• C) growth factor receptors
• D) microtubules
• E) transcription factors

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Definitions:

Postoperative Period

The phase of recovery following surgical procedures, requiring careful monitoring and care to ensure healing.

Pulse Oximetry

A non-invasive method to measure the oxygen saturation level of the blood, often using a sensor placed on a fingertip.

Cyanotic

Refers to bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to insufficient oxygen in the blood.

Pulse Deficit

The difference between the heart rate and the palpable pulse rate, which can indicate cardiac dysfunctions such as arrhythmias.