Unless a Derived Character State Is Lost or Replaced by Newer

question 31

Multiple Choice

Unless a derived character state is lost or replaced by newer characters over evolutionary time, ____ can serve as markers for ____ lineages that underwent adaptive radiation.

• A) apomorphies; polyphyletic
• B) apomorphies; paraphyletic
• C) synapomorphies; monophyletic
• D) synapomorphies; polyphyletic
• E) synapomorphies; paraphyletic

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Definitions:

Limbic System

In humans, functional association of various brain centers, including the amygdala and hippocampus; governs learning and memory and various emotions such as pleasure, fear, and happiness.

Pons

Portion of the brain stem above the medulla oblongata and below the midbrain; assists the medulla oblongata in regulating the breathing rate.

Medulla

An inner region or core in various structures, often used to refer to the medulla oblongata, a part of the brainstem that controls vital functions.

Brain Stem

In mammals, portion of the brain consisting of the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain.