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Overland Rail Corporation, a U

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Overland Rail Corporation, a U.S. firm, owns property in India. The government of India seizes the property for a proper public purpose and pays the firm just compensation. This is


Definitions:

Classical Conditioning

An educational method where associations between an environmental trigger and a naturally happening stimulus lead to learning.

Stimuli

External events or occurrences that provoke a response from an organism.

Response

A reaction to something, which may be verbal, non-verbal, or through actions, often as a direct result of a stimulus or situation.

Conditioned Response

A learned response to a previously neutral stimulus after repeated pairing with an unconditioned stimulus.

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