In the Context of Implied Agreements Established by Circumstantial Evidence

question 15

Multiple Choice

In the context of implied agreements established by circumstantial evidence, which of the following are the two major problems that courts have to deal with that violate the Sherman Act?

• A) intra-enterprise conspiracy and restraint of trade
• B) intra-enterprise conspiracy and conscious parallelism
• C) class action suits and restraint of trade
• D) class action suits and conscious parallelism

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Definitions:

Punishment

A consequence that reduces the likelihood of a behavior recurring, often by introducing a negative outcome or removing a positive condition.

Positive Punishment

Adding an undesirable stimulus to decrease the likelihood of a behavior occurring again.

Negative Punishment

In behavioral psychology, it refers to the removal of a desirable stimulus after a behavior occurs to decrease the likelihood of that behavior occurring again.

Instinctual Responses

Automatic, innate reactions to stimuli, driven by primal, survival-oriented impulses.