Application of Skills Directions: Apply the Knowledge You Have Gained from Chapter 9

question 13

Multiple Choice

Application of Skills
Directions: Apply the knowledge you have gained from Chapter 9 to select the best answer to the questions about the following reading passage.
¹Every society, from the smallest band society to the most complex postindustrial society, has a sacred literature called myth that states certain religious truths. Myths, embodying a specific worldview, contain stories of the gods, their origins, their activities, and the moral injunction they teach. Unlike magic or witchcraft, myths serve to answer the larger questions surrounding human existence-such as why we are here. Myths not only have an explanatory function, but they also validate some of the essential beliefs, values, and behavior patterns of a culture. That is, a culture's mythology is closely connected to its moral and social order. It is important to point out that myths need not have any basis in historical fact. Although there may be elements of history in myth (and vice versa) , the importance of myth from an anthropological perspective is that the narrative reflects, supports, and legitimizes patterns of thoughts and behavior.
²A common form of myth is the myth of origin, which provides answers to questions about how things began. Often, these myths tell of the origins of the gods themselves, their adventures, and how they went about creating both humans and the natural environment. Some myths, which can be told in either sacred or profane settings, describe how various gods (or divinely inspired humans) brought about the existence of important cultural features such as government, fire, or agriculture. Another type of myth, known as a trickster myth, is less serious in tone but carries important messages. These often humorous myths serve at least two functions-to reveal the historical origins of certain features of the world and also a moral that is conveyed.
-adapted from Ferraro, Cultural Anthropology: An Applied Perspective , pp. 355-356
The second paragraph of this passage primarily

• A) explains the purpose of myths in societies.
• B) describes the basic content of most myths.
• C) provides examples of two types of myths and their functions.
• D) compares myths to historical records.

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Definitions:

Confirmation Bias

The tendency to search for, interpret, and remember information in a way that confirms one's preconceptions, leading to statistical errors.

System I

A term often used to describe intuitive, fast, and automatic thinking processes, as opposed to more deliberate and analytical decision-making.

System II

A term often used to describe slow, deliberate, and analytical thought processes in dual-process theories of cognition.

System I

Often referred to as "System 1," it is the fast, automatic, intuitive approach of the human brain to decision-making.