If Substantial Income Mobility Is Present

question 3

Multiple Choice

If substantial income mobility is present,

• A) there is considerable movement of individuals up and down the income ladder when income comparisons among the same individuals or households are made at different points in time.
• B) annual income data are an accurate indicator of the long-term economic status of individuals and families.
• C) the rich tend to stay rich and the poor tend to stay poor.
• D) individuals and families move quite often among the geographic regions of a country but not among income groups.

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Definitions:

Rumbaut and Ewing

Refers to researchers or scholars likely known for their contributions to studies on immigration, assimilation, or similar topics, though specifics are needed for a precise definition.

Empirical Evidence

Information obtained through observation or experimentation, as opposed to theory or belief.

Youth Control Complex

is a theoretical framework describing how various institutions work together to monitor, control, and regulate the behavior of young people.

Armed Conflicts

Situations of sustained combat involving organized armed forces, groups, or states, leading to significant harm and disruption to societies.