From 1950 to 2008, Union Membership Has Declined from More

question 102

Multiple Choice

From 1950 to 2008, union membership has declined from more than 30 percent of the workforce to approximately 12 percent. Over this period, the share of national income going to labor

• A) declined substantially.
• B) increased substantially.
• C) remained approximately the same.
• D) initially increased but has fallen recently.

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Definitions:

Discriminative Stimuli

A specific stimulus in the presence of which a particular response is more likely to be reinforced, and in the absence of which a response is not reinforced.

Stimulus Generalization

The process by which a response is elicited by stimuli similar to the original stimulus associated with that response.

Higher-Order Conditioning

Higher-order conditioning is a process in classical conditioning by which a conditioned stimulus comes to signal another stimulus that is already associated with an unconditioned stimulus, leading to the same conditioned response.

Shaping

A training approach where steps that increasingly resemble the targeted behavior are rewarded.