Refinery Worker with History of Kidney Stones:  Steve Forbes Is

question 42

Essay

Refinery Worker with History of Kidney Stones:  Steve Forbes is a 52-year-old refinery worker who wrecked his motorcycle on the way to work one morning. He was taken to the emergency room with multiple broken bones, and a CT scan was performed to rule out internal injuries. Incidentally, the results of the CT scan showed that Mr. Forbes had two large stones in his right kidney. After Mr. Forbes's broken bones healed, he underwent surgery to have the kidney stones removed. An analysis of the stones determined that they were calcium oxalate stones. Two years later, Mr. Forbes experienced severe back pain, nausea, and the inability to urinate. He returned to the emergency room for treatment.
-​What are kidney stones and how do they develop?

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Definitions:

Output Module

A component in a control system that facilitates the transfer of digital or analog signals from the controller to actuating devices.

Open Switch

A switch that is in a default state of breaking the circuit, preventing the flow of electrical current until it is closed.

Closed Switch

A switch that is in the "on" position, allowing electrical current to flow through the circuit.

Ladder Logic

A graphical programming language used to model and program sequential control systems in programmable logic controllers (PLCs).