The First Amendment Right to Free Speech Was the First

question 18

True/False

The First Amendment right to free speech was the first guarantee to be made applicable to the states through incorporation in Gitlow v. New York (1925).

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Definitions:

Experiments

Research procedures carried out under controlled conditions and based on the technique of manipulating one or more variables in hopes of observing an effect. Typically, an experimental condition is applied to one group, and the results are compared with those from another group (control group) that has had no experimental treatment.

Operationalization

The process of defining a fuzzy concept so as to make the concept measurable and to understand it in terms of empirical observations.

Hawthorne Effect

The effect that researchers themselves may have on an experimental group. The effect is named after an organizational study in which employees were found to be responding to the perceived interest of management rather than to the experimental condition itself.

External Validity

The extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to other situations, populations, or time periods beyond the study itself.