Which of the Following Limits the Number of Technological Civilizations

question 12

Multiple Choice

Which of the following limits the number of technological civilizations in our galaxy?

• A)the lifetime of M dwarf stars
• B)the number of satellite galaxies of the Milky Way
• C)the number of planets per star in a habitable zone for longer than a few billion years
• D)the fraction of civilizations that wish to communicate with others

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Definitions:

Punishment by Removal

Punishment by removal involves decreasing the likelihood of a behavior by removing a desirable stimulus following the behavior.

Negative Reinforcement

A behavioral psychology concept where a response or behavior is strengthened by stopping, removing, or avoiding a negative outcome or aversive stimulus.

Probability of Response

A measure of the likelihood that a specific behavior will occur in response to a given stimulus.

Fixed Ratio Schedule

A schedule of reinforcement where a response is reinforced only after a specified number of responses.