Many Studies Have Been Conducted on the Effects of Having

question 2

Multiple Choice

Many studies have been conducted on the effects of having a pet on the response to medical problems and on mental health. But doctors in Berlin were interested in the effects of having a pet bird on lung cancer. (I assume they were wondering if birds might cause air pollution that could lead to lung cancer.) They asked 239 patients with lung cancer and 429 controls without lung cancer whether they had a pet bird. Ninety eight of the 239 patients did have a bird, while 101 of the 429 controls had a bird. (That strikes me as a very high percentage of bird owners, but those are the data.)
We really do need a measure of effect size in this example. What would be an appropriate one?

• A) the mean difference between bird owners and bird nonowners
• B) the squared correlation between ownership and cancer
• C) the odds ratio
• D) relative risk

Identify and explain the impact of confirmation bias on information processing.

Describe the influence of fixation and mental sets on solving problems creatively.

Understand the concept of insight in problem-solving.

Recognize how personal experiences and perceptions can shape risk assessment and fear.

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Definitions:

Skull

The bony structure forming the head, protecting the brain.

Radiograph

An imaging technique using X-rays to view the internal form of an object, commonly used to check bones and organs.

Combining Form

A word element used in linguistic composition, primarily in medical terminology, to combine with another form to create a word with a new meaning.

X-ray

A form of electromagnetic radiation that is used to create images of the interior of the body, often for diagnostic purposes.