Many Studies Have Been Conducted on the Effects of Having

question 37

Multiple Choice

Many studies have been conducted on the effects of having a pet on the response to medical problems and on mental health. But doctors in Berlin were interested in the effects of having a pet bird on lung cancer. (I assume they were wondering if birds might cause air pollution that could lead to lung cancer.) They asked 239 patients with lung cancer and 429 controls without lung cancer whether they had a pet bird. Ninety eight of the 239 patients did have a bird, while 101 of the 429 controls had a bird. (That strikes me as a very high percentage of bird owners, but those are the data.)
The odds of having cancer for the bird owners are

• A) 98/239 = 0.41
• B) 98/(239 + 429) = 0.15
• C) 98/(239 - 98) = 0.70
• D) 98/101 = 0.97

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Definitions:

Reserved Powers

Reserved powers are those powers which are not written down or assigned by law or constitution but are assumed to exist due to their necessity in governance.

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The organization and institution that possess the political sovereignty and control for a nation or country.

Slavery

A system in which individuals are owned by others, deprived of personal freedom, and forced to work.

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The highest federal court in the United States, with ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all federal courts and direct jurisdiction over some types of cases.