Which of the Following Is True of Top-Down or Bottom-Up

question 109

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is true of top-down or bottom-up planning?

• A)Bottom-up plans tend to overstate achievable performance.
• B)Top-down plans are consolidated from lower management's inputs.
• C)Bottom-up plans do not include judgment by top-level executives.
• D)Top-down plans are usually conservative.

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Definitions:

Applied Work

Practical activities grounded in theory and aimed at solving real-world problems or improving conditions in specific areas.

Scientific Solutions

Approaches or answers to problems that are based on scientific methods, including observation, experimentation, and analysis.

American Psychology

A branch of psychology rooted in the United States that encompasses various theories, practices, and studies unique to the American context.

Cross-Cultural Generalizability

The extent to which research findings and theoretical conclusions from one cultural context hold true across different cultural contexts.