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For Each Passage, Choose the Appropriate Letter to Identify the Author's

question 5

Multiple Choice

For each passage, choose the appropriate letter to identify the author's tone. Caricatures have been used to poke fun at political leaders for hundreds of years, yet their impact is not what it used to be.In the fifteenth century, Leonardo da Vinci created what was called a "charged portrait" by including warts when he drew sketches of the rich and powerful.The portraits were meant as an implicit criticism of corrupt behavior.Often, they found their mark, eliciting howls of rage from those depicted.In the nineteenth century, artists like Thomas Nast and Frederick Opper published their unflattering cartoon exagger-ations of corrupt and inept leaders in magazines and newspapers.These critical portraits helped incite the public's anger against those leaders and ultimately forced many of them out of office.By the twentieth century, though, politicians seemed to have become immune to caricatures, so much so that many of them actually collected the cartoons in which they were portrayed.U.S.President Lyndon Johnson, for example, liked seeing caricatures of himself and would put his favorites on view for reporters.During the 1960s and 1970s, artists who hoped to affect political and social opinion were often disappointed to find that their drawings seemed to have little public impact.
(Source of information: Steven Heller, "A President Can Never Be Accused of a Lack of Caricature," The New York Times, June 11, 2001, p.16.)

Definitions:

Extrinsic Postzygotic Isolation

A reproductive barrier where offspring of two different species are viable and fertile, but external factors prevent them from thriving.

Mimetic

Relating to or involving mimicry, often used to describe organisms that imitate other species or their environment for survival benefits.

Viable/Fertile Offspring

Offspring that are capable of surviving to maturity and reproducing, indicating successful genetic compatibility between parents.

Reinforcement

Reinforcement refers to the increase of reproductive isolation between populations through selection against hybrid offspring.