If Individuals Who Sit in the Back of the Classroom

question 55

Multiple Choice

If individuals who sit in the back of the classroom receive lower grades on average than the rest of the class, does that mean that sitting in the back of a classroom causes one to perform poorly on exams?

• A) Not necessarily. The reoccurrence of a certain relationship between two variables does not necessarily imply causation.
• B) It is not possible for an economist to determine causation between variables.
• C) The reoccurrence of such a relationship is sufficient evidence that sitting in the back of a classroom will lead to lower grades.
• D) The reoccurrence of such a relationship is sufficient evidence that students who receive low grades prefer to keep a low profile and always sit in the back of the classroom.

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Definitions:

Financing Activities

Transactions and events where cash is raised from or repaid to investors, affecting a company's equity and/or debt.

Payment of Dividends

The distribution of a portion of a company's earnings to its shareholders as determined by the board of directors.

Cash Outflow

Money or value leaving a business, typically through expenses, purchases, or other financial activities.

Selling Equipment

The process of disposing of company-owned machinery or equipment, usually to generate cash or reduce assets.