An Artifact Such as Experimenter Bias Is a Threat to the Validity

question 18

Multiple Choice

An artifact such as experimenter bias is a threat to the validity of measurement because the ____.

• A) outcome measurements may be distorted by the artifact
• B) artifact is an external factor, unrelated to the experiment
• C) artifact will allow participants to identify the experimental manipulation
• D) artifact will reduce reliability which will, in turn, reduce validity

Define and contrast universal citizenship and social citizenship.

Understand the significance of social movements as long-term endeavors to address perceived injustices.

Compare and contrast different theories of social movements including frame alignment, resource mobilization, political opportunity, and social control theories.

Investigate key concepts such as relative deprivation, social movements, and solidarity theory within the context of social sciences.

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Definitions:

Affect Intensity

The strength or degree of emotion a person typically experiences and expresses.

Depression

A chronic mental condition where an individual experiences a lasting state of depression or a diminished interest in previously enjoyed activities, greatly affecting their day-to-day life.

Emotionally Intelligent

The ability to recognize, understand, and manage one's own emotions and the emotions of others.

Judgment Goal

An objective or ambition guided by the evaluation or judgment of others, often related to performance or competence in various areas.