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Describe one of the modalities of measurement (behavioral, self-report, or physiological), and discuss both the advantages and the limitations of this modality.
Learned Helplessness
A condition in which a person suffers from a sense of powerlessness, arising from a traumatic event or persistent failure to succeed, leading to a belief that one's actions have no effect on the environment.
Learned Optimism
The concept that optimism can be cultivated by changing negative thought patterns, thereby improving one's outlook on life and resilience to stress.
Hostility Component
A facet of aggression or anger that involves feelings of antagonism and the desire to harm or oppose others.
Aggressive Personality
This refers to a type of personality characterized by a predisposition towards aggressive behaviors and thoughts, often resulting in confrontations or conflicts with others.
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