How Many Participants Would Be Needed for a Within-Subjects Experiment

question 59

Multiple Choice

How many participants would be needed for a within-subjects experiment comparing four different treatment conditions with a total of 20 scores in each treatment?

• A) 20
• B) 40
• C) 80
• D) Anywhere from 20 to 80

---

Definitions:

Self-Monitoring

A self-management technique where individuals observe and record their own behaviors, thoughts, or emotions as a means to improve self-awareness or modify behavior.

Locus of Control

A psychological concept referring to an individual’s belief about the extent to which outcomes of their actions are under their own control versus external forces.

Self-Management

A term that generally refers to the range of activities, both overt and covert, in which students may engage that increase or decrease the probability of appropriate behaviors occurring. Self-management is a more encompassing term than self-control in that it avoids the designation of locus of control. It encompasses techniques considered to be both internal (i.e., self-control) and external (i.e., environmental).

Self-Control

A hypothetical construct referring to "will power" that involves two responses: (1) the target response to be controlled (e.g., eating, completing math problems, or throwing temper tantrums) and (2) the response emitted in order to control the rate of the target behavior (e.g., recording everything eaten, the number of math problems completed correctly, or the number of temper tantrums thrown during the day). Self-control is assumed to reflect an internal process that occurs without the presence of immediate and obvious external contingencies.