Identify Two Time-Related Factors That Can Threaten the Internal Validity

question 27

Essay

Identify two time-related factors that can threaten the internal validity of a within-subjects research study. In each case, explain how the factor could be a confounding variable.

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Definitions:

Used Cars

Pre-owned vehicles that have been previously registered and utilized by one or more retail owners.

Lemon Laws

Statutes designed to protect consumers from purchasing defective vehicles that fail to meet quality and performance standards.

Negative Externalities

Unintended and adverse side effects suffered by third parties or the environment as a result of economic activities.

Direct Controls

Government policies that directly constrain activities that generate negative externalities. Examples include maximum emissions limits for factory smokestacks and laws mandating the proper disposal of toxic wastes.