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Use the map (or maps) referenced in each question for your answer. Compare Map 24.4 with maps from previous chapters depicting Ottoman holdings in the Balkans in the early nineteenth century. How much territory did the empire lose? What new states are shown on Map 24.4 that did not appear on earlier maps?
Experiment
A controlled test of a hypothesis in which the researcher manipulates one variable to discover its effect on another.
Independent Variable
In an experiment, the variable that is manipulated or changed by the researcher to observe its effects on the dependent variable.
Manipulated
Altered, controlled, or handled skillfully, often with the implication of unfairness or deceit.
Optimism
A mental attitude characterized by hope and confidence in success and a positive future.
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