Why Did the Number of Professional Organizations, and Their Membership

question 53

Multiple Choice

Why did the number of professional organizations, and their membership, increase markedly during the first two decades of the twentieth century?

• A) The middle class viewed such organizations as the best way to impress the old aristocratic families.
• B) Such organizations provided a sense of professional identity for the white-collar middle class.
• C) Such organizations helped to provide the middle class with an entrée into local political organizations.
• D) Many professions were on the decline and formed organizations to protect themselves.
• E) Until the twentieth century, professional organizations were looked upon as badges of shame or poverty.

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Definitions:

Maslow's Theory

A psychological theory proposing a hierarchy of human needs, from basic physiological needs to self-actualization.

Physiological Needs

The basic physical requirements for human survival, such as air, water, food, shelter, and sleep, which must be met to achieve a basic level of health.

Cognitive Appraisal Theory

A model of emotion stating that a person's cognitive response to a situation determines their emotional experience.

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

A theory proposing that people experience discomfort (dissonance) when their beliefs or behaviors are inconsistent, often leading to a change in one to reduce the dissonance.