A Cloud-To-Ground Lightning Discharge Will Sometimes Appear to Flicker

question 27

Multiple Choice

A cloud-to-ground lightning discharge will sometimes appear to flicker.This is because

• A) you are able to see the separate steps of the stepped leader.
• B) you are able to distinguish separate return strokes.
• C) the bright light causes you to blink.
• D) of refraction caused by turbulent thunderstorm winds.

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Definitions:

Ecological Pyramid

A graphical representation of the relative energy value at each trophic level. See pyramid of biomass and pyramid of energy.

Trophic Levels

The hierarchical levels in an ecosystem, determined by the feeding position of organisms in food chains.

Energy Loss

The reduction in energy as it moves through the trophic levels of an ecosystem; often described in the context of the inefficiency of energy transfer between levels.

Tertiary Consumers

Carnivores that eat secondary consumers; they are often apex predators in their ecosystems.