With Spurious Relationships, the Z (Spurious) Variable Comes _______ the Independent

question 28

Multiple Choice

With spurious relationships, the Z (spurious) variable comes _______ the independent and dependent variables in order of time.

• A) before
• B) during
• C) after
• D) at any time

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Definitions:

Ductus Arteriosus

A fetal blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery to the descending aorta, allowing most blood to bypass the fetus's developing lungs.

Fetal Pulmonary Trunk

A major vessel in the developing fetus that carries blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation.

Fetal Aorta

The main artery in the fetus that carries blood from the heart to various parts of the body.

Costocervical Artery

An artery that supplies blood to the upper back, neck, and upper ribs.