After Controlling for Z, the Partial Correlation Coefficient Between X

question 4

Multiple Choice

After controlling for Z, the partial correlation coefficient between X and Y is the same value as the bivariate Pearson's r. This pattern would be taken as evidence of________.

• A) a direct relationship between X and Y.
• B) a spurious relationship between X and Z.
• C) interaction between X, Y, and Z.
• D) an intervening relationship between X and Y, interaction between X and Z.

---

Definitions:

Steroid Hormone

A type of hormone derived from cholesterol that can pass through cellular membranes and is involved in a wide range of bodily functions.

Nucleic Acid

Organic molecules that serve as the blueprint for proteins and, through the actions of proteins, the entire phenotype of a living organism; includes DNA and RNA.

Hydrolysis

A chemical reaction in which water is used to break down the bonds of a particular substance, commonly involving the disassembly of polymers into monomers.

Nucleotides

The building blocks of DNA and RNA, consisting of a nitrogenous base, a sugar (ribose in RNA, deoxyribose in DNA), and one to three phosphate groups.