After Controlling for Z, the Partial Correlation Coefficient Between X

question 4

Multiple Choice

After controlling for Z, the partial correlation coefficient between X and Y is the same value as the bivariate Pearson's r. This pattern would be taken as evidence of________.

• A) a direct relationship between X and Y.
• B) a spurious relationship between X and Z.
• C) interaction between X, Y, and Z.
• D) an intervening relationship between X and Y, interaction between X and Z.

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Definitions:

Genetic Inheritance

The process through which genes and characteristics are passed down from parents to offspring.

Experiment

A method of research in the sciences or social sciences in which variables are manipulated and controlled to determine their effects on other variables.

Behavioral Outcomes

The observable behaviors or actions that result from interventions, treatments, or environmental conditions, often used to assess the effectiveness of a specific intervention or treatment.

Sociocultural Theory

The approach that emphasizes how cognitive development proceeds as a result of social interactions between members of a culture.