Some Research Situations Are Summarized Below

question 3

Essay

Some research situations are summarized below. For each situation, identify all variables and characterize them in terms of level of measurement and whether they are discrete or continuous. If applicable, identify which variables are dependent and which are independent. Explain your reasoning. What statistical application is being used?
a. A group of one hundred students are asked for their High School and college GPAs. The GPAs are then compared to see if there is any relationship between them.
b. A candidate for student body president telephones a randomly selected sample of students and asks about their opinion of the system used for course evaluation. Each student is asked if they strongly support, moderately support, or do not support the system. The candidate then uses this information to characterize the opinions of the entire student body.
c. From what regions of the nation does the college football program recruit players? A researcher ascertains the hometowns of every member of the team for the past ten years.
d. Which sport on campus has the players with the highest GPAs? The academic records of randomly selected samples of athletes from all sports are compared to answer this question.
e. Is academic achievement associated with any "background" variables? Information on a sample of students is collected. The information includes GPA, age, sex, major, years of schooling completed by both parents, and marital status of the student.

Recognizing the completion and evaluation stages of the decision-making process.

Identifying and explaining heuristics and biases in decision-making.

Acknowledging the importance of ethics checks in identifying potential ethical issues.

Understanding when and why to generate a modified or new solution in the decision-making process.

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Definitions:

Choroid Plexus

Specialized plexus located within the ventricles of the brain that secretes cerebrospinal fluid.

Arachnoid Granulation

Protrusions of the arachnoid meningeal layer into the dural venous sinuses, allowing cerebrospinal fluid to return to the bloodstream.

Cerebrospinal Fluid

A clear, colorless body fluid found in the brain and spinal cord, acting as a cushion for the brain's cortex, providing basic mechanical and immunological protection to the brain inside the skull.

Roman Numeral

Symbols used in a system of numerical notation based on the ancient Roman system, typically utilizing letters such as I, V, X, L, C, D, and M.